# Renewable Desalination

> A technical archive of Sisyan's photovoltaic seawater reverse-osmosis work and the 2015 paper "Demand Response Desalination" by Yan Kunczynski, PE and Ben Burger.

## Status

- This website does not represent an active manufacturing, sales, or project-development program.
- The T-1 and M-30 pages preserve pilot equipment and proposed designs; they are not current product listings.
- Historical market figures and projections are identified as material from the 2015 paper rather than presented as current forecasts.

## Facts reported in the original paper

- The documented off-grid pilot used three fully integrated 3 hp PV-SWRO modules.
- The modules shared a beach well, sourcing pump, 0.03-micron ultrafiltration, permeate management, brine disposal, storage, an 18 kWp photovoltaic array, and a battery bank.
- Over more than twelve years, the system produced over 68,000 m³ (18 million gallons) of permeate below 300 TDS from seawater at 33,000 TDS.
- Average annual production was reported as 6,500 m³. Average seawater pressure was 680 psi. Recovery was approximately 33 percent.
- The grid-integrated paper proposed 5–500 larger modules, each using a 30 hp motor and roughly 22 kW of electrical demand.

## Central argument

Reverse-osmosis efficiency improvements become more difficult as the process approaches the thermodynamic minimum energy required to separate fresh water from salt. Sisyan proposed reducing operating cost by coordinating water production with inexpensive energy. Many independently controlled modules would let a plant change its electrical demand while stored permeate maintained water delivery.

## Primary sources and pages

- [Original Demand Response Desalination PDF](https://www.renewabledesalination.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Demand-Response-Desalination.pdf)
- [Paper online](https://www.renewabledesalination.com/insights/demand-response-desalination)
- [Systems archive](https://www.renewabledesalination.com/systems)
- [Technology](https://www.renewabledesalination.com/technology)
- [About Yan Kunczynski and Sisyan](https://www.renewabledesalination.com/about)
- [Papers and writing](https://www.renewabledesalination.com/insights)